Mud fever is a painful yet preventable condition. By understanding its causes, recognizing symptoms early, and following proper prevention steps, you can protect your horse from unnecessary discomfort. A combination of good pasture management, regular grooming, and veterinary care will keep your horse healthy and mud fever-free!
Horse Talk Blog
December 9, 2024
Mud fever is a common yet frustrating condition that affects horses, particularly during the wetter months when muddy, damp conditions are prevalent. Also known as scratches or pastern dermatitis, this skin condition can cause discomfort and distress to your horse. However, with the right care and attention, it can be effectively managed.
In this blog, we’ll explore what mud fever is, its causes, symptoms, and how to prevent it.
Mud fever is a skin infection that occurs when the skin on a horse’s lower legs, particularly around the pasterns (the area just above the hooves), becomes infected.
It is primarily caused by bacteria and fungi, which thrive in wet and muddy conditions. Horses with white or light-colored legs tend to be more susceptible, but any horse exposed to prolonged wet conditions can develop mud fever.
✅ Wet and muddy conditions – Prolonged exposure softens the skin, making it vulnerable to infections.
✅ Bacterial or fungal infections – The main bacteria responsible is Dermatophilus congolensis, which leads to scabs and crusts.
✅ Skin trauma – Scrapes, cuts, or abrasions provide an entry point for bacteria.
✅ Poor hygiene and grooming – Dirt and moisture accumulation create a perfect environment for bacteria to grow.
Mud fever typically affects the lower legs and can present in various stages. Here are the key signs to watch for:
🔴 Red, inflamed skin – The affected area appears swollen, sore, and irritated.
🩹 Crusting or scabbing – Thick scabs form, often painful for the horse.
🦴 Hair loss – The coat around the infection site falls out due to skin irritation.
🐎 Pain and lameness – Severe cases may cause limping or reluctance to move.
🟡 Oozing skin – If scabs break open, the area may release a yellowish fluid.
⚠️ If left untreated, mud fever can worsen and lead to deep tissue infections like cellulitis.
If your horse develops mud fever, act quickly to prevent worsening symptoms. Follow these treatment steps:
1️⃣ Clean the affected area – Gently wash with warm water and antiseptic solutions (avoid harsh scrubbing).
2️⃣ Dry the legs thoroughly – Moisture worsens the condition, so use a clean towel.
3️⃣ Apply topical treatments – Use antibacterial creams with chlorhexidine or silver sulfadiazine.
4️⃣ Protect the legs – Consider bandages or protective boots to keep the area clean and dry.
5️⃣ Monitor for lameness – If the horse shows pain or worsening symptoms, consult a vet for possible antibiotics or anti-inflammatories.
Prevention is easier than treatment! Keep your horse safe with these proactive steps:
🏡 Provide shelter – Ensure your horse has a dry area during wet weather.
🧼 Keep legs clean and dry – Regularly check, clean, and dry legs after turnout or riding.
🧦 Use leg wraps or boots – Protect horses from extreme wet and muddy conditions.
🦶 Maintain hoof care – Trim hooves to prevent water buildup near the pasterns.
🖌️ Regular grooming – Remove dirt and mud to reduce infection risks.
